Showing 741 - 750 of 2039 Items
Where to put things? Spatial land management to sustain biodiversity and economic returns
Date: 2008-06-01
Creator: Stephen Polasky
Erik Nelson
Jeff Camm
Blair Csuti
Paul, Fackler
Eric Lonsdorf
Claire Montgomery
Denis White
Jeff Arthur
Access: Open access
- Expanding human population and economic growth have led to large-scale conversion of natural habitat to human-dominated landscapes with consequent large-scale declines in biodiversity. Conserving biodiversity, while at the same time meeting expanding human needs, is an issue of utmost importance. In this paper we develop a spatially explicit landscape-level model for analyzing the biological and economic consequences of alternative land-use patterns. The spatially explicit biological model incorporates habitat preferences, area requirements and dispersal ability between habitat patches for terrestrial vertebrate species to predict the likely number of species that will be sustained on the landscape. The spatially explicit economic model incorporates site characteristics and location to predict economic returns for a variety of potential land uses. We apply the model to search for efficient land-use patterns that maximize biodiversity conservation objectives for given levels of economic returns, and vice versa. We apply the model to the Willamette Basin, Oregon, USA. By thinking carefully about the arrangement of activities, we find land-use patterns that sustain high levels of biodiversity and economic returns. Compared to the 1990 land-use pattern, we show that both biodiversity conservation and the value of economic activity could be increased substantially. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
A tale of two exponentiations in N=8 supergravity
Date: 2019-11-10
Creator: Paolo Di Vecchia
Andrés Luna
Stephen G. Naculich
Rodolfo Russo
Gabriele, Veneziano
Chris D. White
Access: Open access
- The structure of scattering amplitudes in supergravity theories continues to be of interest. Recently, the amplitude for 2→2 scattering in N=8 supergravity was presented at three-loop order for the first time. The result can be written in terms of an exponentiated one-loop contribution, modulo a remainder function which is free of infrared singularities, but contains leading terms in the high energy Regge limit. We explain the origin of these terms from a well-known, unitarity-restoring exponentiation of the high-energy gravitational S-matrix in impact-parameter space. Furthermore, we predict the existence of similar terms in the remainder function at all higher loop orders. Our results provide a non-trivial cross-check of the recent three-loop calculation, and a necessary consistency constraint for any future calculation at higher loops.
Climate change and dissolved organic carbon export to the Gulf of Maine
Date: 2016-10-01
Creator: Thomas G. Huntington
William M. Balch
George R. Aiken
Justin Sheffield
Lifeng, Luo
Collin S. Roesler
Philip Camill
Access: Open access
- Ongoing climate change is affecting the concentration, export (flux), and timing of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exported to the Gulf of Maine (GoM) through changes in hydrologic regime. DOC export was calculated for water years 1950 through 2013 for 20 rivers and for water years 1930 through 2013 for 14 rivers draining to the GoM. DOC export was also estimated for the 21st century based on climate and hydrologic modeling in a previously published study. DOC export was calculated by using the regression model LOADEST to fit seasonally adjusted concentration discharge (C-Q) relations. Our results are an analysis of the sensitivity of DOC export to changes in hydrologic conditions over time since land cover and vegetation were held constant over time. Despite large interannual variability, all rivers had increasing DOC export during winter and these trends were significant (p < 0.05) in 10 out of 20 rivers for 1950 to 2013 and in 13 out of 14 rivers for 1930 to 2013. All rivers also had increasing annual export of DOC although fewer trends were statistically significant than for winter export. Projections for DOC export during the 21st century were variable depending on the climate model and greenhouse gas emission scenario that affected future river discharge through effects on precipitation and evapotranspiration. The most consistent result was a significant increase in DOC export in winter in all model-by-emission scenarios. DOC export was projected to decrease during the summer in all model-by-emission scenarios, with statistically significant decreases in half of the scenarios.
Cubic curves from matrix models and generalized Konishi anomalies
Date: 2003-08-01
Creator: Stephen G. Naculich
Howard J. Schnitzer
Niclas Wyllard
Access: Open access
- We study the matrix model/gauge theory connection for three different N =1 models: U(N) × U(N) with matter in bifundamental representations, U(N) with matter in the symmetric representation, and U (N) with matter in the antisymmetric representation. Using Ward identities, we explicitly show that the loop equations of the matrix models lead to cubic algebraic curves. We then establish the equivalence of the matrix model and gauge theory descriptions in two ways. First, we derive generalized Konishi anomaly equations in the gauge theories, showing that they are identical to the matrix-model equations. Second, we use a perturbative superspace analysis to establish the relation between the gauge theories and the matrix models. We find that the gauge coupling matrix for U (N) with matter in the symmetric or antisymmetric representations is not given by the second derivative of the matrix-model free energy. However, the matrix-model prescription can be modified to give the gauge coupling matrix. © SISSA/ISAS 2003.
Computing word length in alternate presentations of thompson's group F
Date: 2009-12-01
Creator: Matthew Horak
Melanie Stein
Jennifer Taback
Access: Open access
- We introduce a new method for computing the word length of an element of Thompson's group F with respect to a "consecutive" generating set of the form Xn = {x0,x1, ⋯, xn}, which is a subset of the standard infinite generating set for F. We use this method to show that (F, Xn) is not almost convex, and has pockets of increasing, though bounded, depth dependent on n. © 2009 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Cone types and geodesic languages for lamplighter groups and Thompson's group F
Date: 2006-09-15
Creator: Sean Cleary
Murray Elder
Jennifer Taback
Access: Open access
- We study languages of geodesics in lamplighter groups and Thompson's group F. We show that the lamplighter groups Ln have infinitely many cone types, have no regular geodesic languages, and have 1-counter, context-free and counter geodesic languages with respect to certain generating sets. We show that the full language of geodesics with respect to one generating set for the lamplighter group is not counter but is context-free, while with respect to another generating set the full language of geodesics is counter and context-free. In Thompson's group F with respect to the standard finite generating set, we show there are infinitely many cone types and that there is no regular language of geodesics. We show that the existence of families of "seesaw" elements with respect to a given generating set in a finitely generated infinite group precludes a regular language of geodesics and guarantees infinitely many cone types with respect to that generating set. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous for the ch-1 locus lack chlorophyll b, lack stable LHCPII and have stacked thylakoids
Date: 1991-07-01
Creator: David L. Murray
Bruce D. Kohorn
Access: Open access
Mercury in the snow and firn at Summit Station, Central Greenland, and implications for the study of past atmospheric mercury levels
Date: 2008-06-30
Creator: X. Faïn
C. P. Ferrari
A. Dommergue
M. Albert
M., Battle
L. Arnaud
J. M. Barnola
W. Cairns
C. Barbante
C. Boutron
Access: Open access
- Gaseous Elemental Mercury (Hg° or GEM) was investigated at Summit Station, Greenland, in the interstitial air extracted from the perennial snowpack (firn) at depths ranging from the surface to 30 m, during summer 2005 and spring 2006. Photolytic production and destruction of Hg° were observed close to the snow surface during summer 2005 and spring 2006, and we observed dark oxidation of GEM up to 270 cm depth in June 2006. Photochemical transformation of gaseous elemental mercury resulted in diel variations in the concentrations of this gas in the near-surface interstitial air, but destruction of Hg° was predominant in June, and production was the main process in July. This seasonal evolution of the chemical mechanisms involving gaseous elemental mercury produces a signal that propagates downward through the firn air, but is unobservably small below 15 m in depth. As a consequence, multi-annual averaged records of GEM concentration should be well preserved in deep firn air at depths below 15 m, and available for the reconstruction of the past atmospheric history of GEM over the last decades.
Localization of DNA sequences promoting RNA polymerase I activity in Drosophila
Date: 1983-01-01
Creator: B. D. Kohorn
P. M.M. Rae
Access: Open access
On the nature of eγ and non-vanishing of derivatives of L-series at s=1/2
Date: 2014-04-30
Creator: M. Ram Murty
Naomi Tanabe
Access: Open access
- In 2011, M.R. Murty and V.K. Murty [10] proved that if L(s, χD) is the Dirichlet L-series attached a quadratic character χD, and L'(1, χD)=0, then eγ is transcendental. This paper investigates such phenomena in wider collections of L-functions, with a special emphasis on Artin L-functions. Instead of s=1, we consider s=1/2. More precisely, we prove thatexp (L'(1/2,χ)L(1/2,χ)-αγ) is transcendental with some rational number α. In particular, if we have L(1/2, χ)≠0 and L'(1/2, χ)=0 for some Artin L-series, we deduce the transcendence of eγ.