Showing 291 - 300 of 317 Items
Mutual benefits of inducible defenses to crab predators in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis in a multi-predator environment
Date: 2021-01-01
Creator: Sophia Walton
Access: Open access
- The blue mussel Mytilus edulis alters its phenotype in species-specific ways in response to either green crab (Carcinus maenus) or sea star (Asterias sp.) predation. Previous studies have shown that only sea stars induce changes in abductor muscle morphology, while green crabs generally alter the shape and thickness of shells. In the Western Gulf of Maine, Blue mussels collected from wave protected sites with abundant green crab predators were shown to have significantly thicker shells and larger adductor muscles than mussels collected from wave exposed sites with few green crab predators. The phenotypes of mussels originating from wave-protected and high green crab abundance sites increased the handling time by A. forbesi compared to sites with low wave exposure and high green crab abundance. These results contradict the paradigm that shell thickness trades off with abductor morphology, and I propose that a likely candidate for increased energy allocation to these traits is a decrease in reproductive allocation. My results further suggest that the escalating “arms race” between invasive green crabs and blue mussels in the Western Gulf of Maine is leading to changes in the phenotypic response of mussel populations in ways that are likely impacting sea star foraging dynamics.
Minor, Ugly, and Meta: Feelings in Contemporary Korean American Literature
Date: 2022-01-01
Creator: Kyubin Kim
Access: Open access
- In 2019, Korean American writer Cathy Park Hong published her memoir Minor Feelings: An Asian American Reckoning in the midst of a turning point in Asian American politics. Hong describes minor feelings as “emotions that are negative, dysphoric, and therefore untelegenic, built from the sediments of everyday racial experience and the irritant of having one’s perception of reality constantly questioned or dismissed.” Used as a concept to summate the Asian American experience in white America as living in a country where one’s reality is constantly questioned and made invisible, minor feelings forges an affective framework to study minoritized, diasporic literature. My project enriches Hong’s “minor feelings” by studying Korean American literature through a transnational and multimedia lens, considering how Korea’s colonial history and nation-building play roles in emoting Korean American self-realities. I structurally model my project after Sianne Ngai’s Ugly Feelings, split into four chapters, each focusing on one affect: shame, anger, han, and love. My project follows and documents the contemporary shifts occurring in Korean Americana, in how they perceive collective racial and diasporic identity, the intersectionality of layered identities, and the younger generations’ call for coalition. Since Korean American affects often are studied as an afterthought to Korean affects, my project retains a focus on the Korean American experience, recentering members of a diaspora whose globalizing homeland’s triumphs may eclipse their minor, invisible realities in America.
A Comprehensive Survey on Functional Approximation
Date: 2022-01-01
Creator: Yucheng Hua
Access: Open access
- The theory of functional approximation has numerous applications in sciences and industry. This thesis focuses on the possible approaches to approximate a continuous function on a compact subset of R2 using a variety of constructions. The results are presented from the following four general topics: polynomials, Fourier series, wavelets, and neural networks. Approximation with polynomials on subsets of R leads to the discussion of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem. Convergence of Fourier series is characterized on the unit circle. Wavelets are introduced following the Fourier transform, and their construction as well as ability to approximate functions in L2(R) is discussed. At the end, the universal approximation theorem for artificial neural networks is presented, and the function representation and approximation with single- and multilayer neural networks on R2 is constructed.
Peace Be Dammed? Water Power and Water Politics in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin
Date: 2015-05-01
Creator: Camille E. Wasinger
Access: Open access
"Proud Flesh and Blood": Phineas Fletcher, Gabriel Daniel, and Seventeenth-Century Theories of Embodiment
Date: 2022-01-01
Creator: Micaela Elanor Simeone
Access: Open access
- The human body was a site of discovery and redefinition in early modern Europe. This project traces the gradual arc from the mid-seventeenth century towards Cartesian notions of the body in the later part of the century through two fictions: Phineas Fletcher (1582-1650)’s The Purple Island (1633) and Gabriel Daniel (1649-1728)’s Voyage du Monde de Descartes (1690). This project views these two largely-overlooked texts as important literary works that represent the seventeenth century’s transformative debates about and explorations of the human body. I argue that Fletcher employs a dissective mode that embraces mind-body harmony while framing the human as both fragmented and whole. I then explore how Voyage du Monde de Descartes responds to an altogether different culture in the late seventeenth century, after Cartesian ideas extracted mind from body and no longer saw the body as a significant marker of humanity. I argue that Voyage ultimately reveals—through a captivating satirical fiction—how understanding Cartesian anatomy as the product of anxiety, uncertainty, and novelty helps us better see how we became motivated to transcend our bodies.
Examining the Ability of Remote Sensing to Characterize Turfgrass Stress Physiology
Date: 2022-01-01
Creator: Benjamin Ross
Access: Open access
- Remote sensing of solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a valuable tool in understanding the global carbon cycle. While SIF is highly correlated with photosynthesis at the ecosystem scale, the role that remote sensing of SIF can play at smaller scales is still unclear. The goal of my research was to investigate the ability of SIF to detect changes in pigmentation, photosynthesis, and energy partitioning at the grass canopy and leaf level in response to water stress and abscisic acid (ABA) hormone treatments. Both treatments immediately inhibited photosynthesis by limiting gas exchange through stomatal closure, but SIF declined gradually. Recovery of photosynthesis after alleviation of water stress was not reflected in remote measurements of SIF. I found that senescence in the tips of grasses had been driving changes in remote measurements, which affected remote measurements even when measured leaf-level gas exchange in the lower living tissue recovered. This heterogeneous senescence pattern contextualizes the disconnect between SIF and photosynthesis in stressed turfgrass.
Enemy Combatants and Unitary Executives: Presidential Power in Theory and Practice During the War on Terror
Date: 2020-01-01
Creator: Rohini Kurup
Access: Open access
- In the wake of the September 11 attacks, the Bush administration decided that suspected terrorists and those determined to have aided terrorists would be detained and classified as “enemy combatants.” This was a largely new category of prisoners who were neither prisoners of war protected under international law nor civilians. They included noncitizens and citizens—those captured on foreign battlefields and on American soil. They would be detained by the United States, held indefinitely without charge or access to a lawyer, and subject to trial by military commission. The administration’s enemy combatant policies were based on a theory of inherent executive power—that the Constitution gave the president vast and exclusive powers, which allowed him to act unilaterally without Congressional interference or judicial review. This thesis charts the development of and challenges to the enemy combatant policies to understand how they were conceived and what their implications are to the American political system. I argue that by appealing to a theory of inherent executive power to create the policies, the administration subverted traditional checks on presidential power and undermined the rule of law. Ultimately, the dismantling of some of the enemy combatant policies, largely a result of court rulings that challenged the administration’s premise of power, signified a reining in of executive authority. Yet, many aspects of the administration’s counterterrorism apparatus remained past Bush’s years in the White House, leaving a legacy of expanded presidential power for future presidents.
The role of behavioral diversity in determining the extent to which central pattern generators are modulated
Date: 2020-01-01
Creator: Jacob Salman Kazmi
Access: Open access
- Neuromodulation may be a substrate for the evolution of behavioral diversity. The extent to which a central pattern generator is modulated could serve as a mechanism that enables variability in motor output dependent on an organism’s need for behavioral flexibility. The pyloric circuit, a central pattern generator in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), stimulates contractions of foregut muscles in digestion. Since neuromodulation enables variation in the movements of pyloric muscles, more diverse feeding patterns should be correlated with a higher degree of STNS neuromodulation. Previous data have shown that Cancer borealis, an opportunistic feeder, is sensitive to a wider array of neuromodulators than Pugettia producta, a specialist feeder. The observed difference in modulatory capacity may be coincidental since these species are separated by phylogeny. We predict that the difference in modulatory capacity is a product of a differential need for variety in foregut muscle movements. This study examined two members of the same superfamily as P. producta, the opportunistically feeding snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and portly spider crab (Libinia emarginata). Using extracellular recording methods, the responses of isolated STNS preparations to various neuromodulators were measured. Initial qualitative results indicate that the STNS of C. opilio is sensitive to all of these neuromodulators. Additionally, previous data on the neuromodulatory capacity of L. emarginata was supported through similar electrophysiological analysis of the isolated STNS. As a first step in determining the mechanism of differential sensitivity between species, tissue-specific transcriptomes were generated and mined for neuromodulators.
Mémoire et souvenir dans l'imaginaire antillais - Maryse Condé et Fabienne Kanor: Identité et existence noire aux Antilles et en France
Date: 2020-01-01
Creator: Elijah B Koblan-Huberson
Access: Open access
- L’histoire d’un peuple est en grande partie liée à sa mémoire, aux souvenirs et commémorations des évènements passés et des ancêtres.En raison de la colonisation et ses conséquences, les habitants des îles de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique vivent un malaise vis-à-vis de la mémoire en tant que peuple antillais.Par conséquent, il est important de se demander comment, après la déshumanisation effectuée par l’extermination des premiers habitants, les Caraïbes et les Arawaks, l’esclavagisation des Africains, et la colonisation des territoires antillais, une nouvelle conceptualisation de la mémoire peut mener à une nouvelle conceptualisation de l’existence et de l’identité pour l’être humain antillais qui provient de ceux qui ont été esclavagisés. Pour répondre à la question nous examinerons les romans de Maryse Condé et de Fabienne Kanor.
Hermeneutic Encounters: Hans-Georg Gadamer in North America, 1968-1986
Date: 2020-01-01
Creator: Ian Ward
Access: Open access
- Hans-Georg Gadamer’s myriad contributions to the continental philosophical tradition have been well documented, but his influence on North American intellectual life has gone largely gone unrecognized. This paper attempts to fill that gap, using primary and secondary source material to document Gadamer’s scholarly activities in the United States and Canada between 1968 and 1986. The paper also evaluates Gadamer’s influence using detailed accounts of “hermeneutic encounters” that occurred between Gadamer and four notable North American philosophers: Richard Palmer, Paul de Man, Charles Taylor, and Richard Rorty. Through these accounts, this paper argues that Gadamer made lasting contributions to ongoing debates in the humanities about the nature of literary interpretation, the social sciences, and analytic philosophy. Finally, the paper explores the philosophical and historiological possibilities that Gadamer’s hermeneutics opens up for intellectual history more broadly, especially in the field of reception history. Building on Gadamer’s own hermeneutics and Hans-Robert Jauss’s reception aesthetics, it develops the concept of the “encounter” as the starting point of a more hermeneutically-sensitive approach to intellectual history.