Showing 1941 - 1950 of 4695 Items

Survey on Italian Studies & Digital Humanities

Date: 2016-08-18

Creator: Crystal Hall

Access: Open access

A survey distributed in English and Italian to collect information about the intersection of the fields of Italian Studies and Digital Humanities. The goals are to describe the kinds of work being done by scholars in this space of intersection, identify successful professional pathways that combine methods or content from the two fields, and inform next steps for organizations that support this work. Results will be discussed at the Wellesley "State of the Discipline" event on October 1, 2016 and the MLA Roundtable on the topic, January 5, 2017. The survey is provided here in case other fields are interested in conducting similar work.


Fast pyrolysis of lignins

Date: 2010-08-01

Creator: Sedat H. Beis

Saikrishna Mukkamala

Nathan Hill

Jincy Joseph

Cirila, Baker

Bruce Jensen

Elizabeth A. Stemmler

M. Clayton Wheeler

Brian G. Frederick

Access: Open access

Three lignins: Indulin AT, Lignoboost™, and Acetocell lignin, were characterized and pyrolyzed in a continuous-fed fast pyrolysis process. The physical and chemical properties of the lignins included chemical composition, heat content, ash, and water content. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was used to describe the pyrolysis of each lignin. Activation energy distributions of each lignin were quite different and generally covered a broad range of energies, typically found in lignins. Process yields for initial continuous-fed fast pyrolysis experiments are reported. Bio-oil yield was low, ranging from 16 to 22%. Under the fast pyrolysis conditions used, the Indulin AT and Lignoboost™ lignin yielded slightly more liquid product than the Acetocell lignin. Lignin kinetic parameters and chemical composition vary considerably and fast pyrolysis processes must be specified for each type of lignin.


Why we write (nuclear) history

Date: 2017-09-01

Creator: David K. Hecht

Access: Open access

Nuclear history always compels. Scholars (and readers) can immerse themselves in the existential threat posed by the atomic bomb and its successor weapons, the tantalizing prospect of carbon-free energy, or the study of a natural phenomenon deeply at odds with our everyday experience of the world. There is thus always something profound at stake when we write nuclear historyÂ-Â be it physical, economic or intellectual. And while it may seem that the end of the Cold War should have diminished the academic attention accorded to the subject, it actually just allowed the historiography to evolve. To the wealth of technical and political studies that once dominated nuclear history, we can now add a host of excellent cultural, environmental, literary and transnational studies. Those of us who entered the field shortly after the break-up of the Soviet Union have been able to follow these developments first-hand, from the initial uncertainty of where nuclear history would go without its original raison d'être to seeing the possibilities opened up in a post-Cold War world. The books under review here provide important and timely additions to this historiography. Luis A. Campos's Radium and the Secret Life provides a rigorous and compelling account of the uses of radium in early twentieth-century biology; Timothy J. Jorgensen's Strange Glow: The Story of Radiation offers an accessible and illuminating analysis of the benefits and risks of radiation. The books also make for a fascinating juxtaposition. They complement each other well, but also contain some intriguing differences that allow us to reflect on the nature of nuclear history in the early twenty-first century.


Sexual reproduction is more prevalent in continental landscapes in the expanding arctic shrub, Salix glauca

Date: 2019-12-01

Creator: David A. Watts

Vladimir Douhovnikoff

Eric Post

Access: Open access

The recent expansion of arctic deciduous shrubs has been well documented across a range of habitats, but the phenomenon is not universal. Their spread is often associated with increases in temperature and other abiotic factors, while variation in habitat moisture and herbivory can mediate the location and rate of this rise in abundance. Much less is known about the mode of increase of arctic shrubs. For one such shrub, Salix glauca, we used microsatellite markers to assess the prevalence of clonal growth (i.e. vegetative spread) and sexual reproduction (i.e. recruitment from seed) at sites with maritime and continental climates and differing in the density of large herbivores. We sampled individuals in plots reflecting the spatial scale of expansion in locations where S. glauca recently increased in abundance. The 400 samples collected across the four sites comprised 310 genotypes. Though evidence of sexual recruitment was common across all sites, coastal sites contained both more and larger clonal genotypes. While we expected soil conditions would be influential, the factors that best predicted the likelihood of clonality, genet size and vascular plant cover, suggest the light environment is of primary importance. Furthermore, in spite of the large distances between sites, there was no suggestion of genetic differentiation into distinct populations. These results indicate that differences in climate and herbivory can influence not only where and how extensively deciduous shrubs spread, but how they are likely to do so. We suggest future research integrating how mode of increase is associated with the rate of spread will advance projections of change in arctic ecosystems.


Environmental issues in russia

Date: 2008-12-01

Creator: Laura A. Henry

Vladimir Douhovnikoff

Access: Open access

This review examines the literature available on the state of the environment and environmental protection in the Russian Federation. As the largest country on Earth, rich in natural resources and biodiversity, Russia's problems and policies have global consequences. Environmental quality and management are influenced by the legacy of Soviet economic planning and authoritarian governance, as well as by Russia's post-Soviet economic recession and current strategies of economic development. Russia achieved a reduction in some pollutants owing to the collapse of industrial production in the 1990s, but many environmental indicators suggest growing degradation. Russia has signed on to a number of international environmental agreements, but its record on implementation is mixed, and it discourages environmental activism. Scholarship on the Russian environment is a limited, but growing, field, constrained by challenges of data availability, yet it offers great potential for testing scientific and social scientific hypotheses. ©2008 by Annual Reviews.


Study of the five-charged-pion decay of the τ lepton

Date: 1994-01-01

Creator: D. Gibaut

K. Kinoshita

B. Barish

M. Chadha

S., Chan

D. F. Cowen

G. Eigen

J. S. Miller

C. O'Grady

J. Urheim

A. J. Weinstein

D. Acosta

M. Athanas

G. Masek

H. P. Paar

J. Gronberg

R. Kutschke

S. Menary

R. J. Morrison

S. Nakanishi

H. N. Nelson

T. K. Nelson

C. Qiao

J. D. Richman

A. Ryd

H. Tajima

D. Sperka

M. S. Witherell

M. Procario

R. Balest

K. Cho

Access: Open access

The branching fractions for the five-charged-particle decays of the τ lepton have been measured in e+e- annihilations using the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. Assuming all charged particles to be pions, the results are B(3π-2π+0 neutrals ντ)=(0.097±0. 005±0.011)%, B(3π-2π+ντ)=(0.077±0.005 ±0.009)%, B(3π-2π+π0ντ)=(0.019±0.004±0.004) %, and B(3π-2π+2π0ντ)<0.011% at the 90% C.L. B(3π-2π-π0ντ) is measured for the first time by exclusive π0 reconstruction. The results are compared with the predictions from the partially conserved-axial-current and conserved-vector-current hypotheses assuming isospin invariance. © 1994 The American Physical Society.


Observation of inclusive B decays to the charmed baryons c++ and c0

Date: 1994-01-01

Creator: M. Procario

R. Balest

K. Cho

M. Daoudi

W. T., Ford

D. R. Johnson

K. Lingel

M. Lohner

P. Rankin

J. G. Smith

J. P. Alexander

C. Bebek

K. Berkelman

K. Bloom

T. E. Browder

D. G. Cassel

H. A. Cho

D. M. Coffman

P. S. Drell

R. Ehrlich

R. S. Galik

M. Garcia-Sciveres

B. Geiser

B. Gittelman

S. W. Gray

D. L. Hartill

B. K. Heltsley

C. D. Jones

S. L. Jones

J. Kandaswamy

N. Katayama

Access: Open access

Using data collected in the region of the γ(4S) resonance with the CLEO II detector operating at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we report on evidence for the production of ++ and c0 baryons in B decays, with c→Λc+π. This observation is based on 77±19 c++ and 76±21 c0 candidates from B decays. We find the product branching fractions B(B̄→cX)B(Λc+→pK-π+) for c=c++, c0, and c+ to be (2.1 ± 0.8 ± 0.7) × 10-4, (2.3 ± 0.8 ± 0.7) × 10-4, and less than 4.8 × 10-4 at 90% confidence level, respectively. A study of the c++ and c0 momentum spectra indicates that B decays to two-body final states with c are suppressed. © 1994 The American Physical Society.


Measurement of the cross section for γγ→pp̄

Date: 1994-01-01

Creator: M. Artuso

D. He

M. Goldberg

N. Horwitz

R., Kennett

G. C. Moneti

F. Muheim

Y. Mukhin

S. Playfer

Y. Rozen

S. Stone

M. Thulasidas

G. Vasseur

G. Zhu

J. Bartelt

S. E. Csorna

Z. Egyed

V. Jain

P. Sheldon

D. S. Akerib

B. Barish

M. Chadha

S. Chan

D. F. Cowen

G. Eigen

J. S. Miller

C. O'Grady

J. Urheim

A. J. Weinstein

D. Acosta

M. Athanas

Access: Open access

A measurement of the cross section for γγ→pp̄ is performed at two-photon center-of-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.25 GeV. These results are obtained using e+e-→e+e-pp̄ events selected from 1.31 fb-1 of data taken with the CLEO II detector. The measured cross section is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements and is in excellent agreement with recent calculations based on a diquark model. However, leading order QCD calculations performed using the Brodsky-Lepage formalism are well below the measured cross section. © 1994 The American Physical Society.


Is variation in susceptibility to Phytophthora ramorum correlated with population genetic structure in coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia)?

Date: 2005-01-01

Creator: Richard S. Dodd

Daniel Hüberli

Vlad Douhovnikoff

Tamar Y. Harnik

Zara, Afzal-Rafii

Matteo Garbelotto

Access: Open access

California coastal woodlands are suffering severe disease and mortality as a result of infection from Phytophthora ramorum. Quercus agrifolia is one of the major woodland species at risk. This study investigated within- and among-population variation in host susceptibility to inoculation with P. ramorum and compared this with population genetic structure using molecular markers. Susceptibility was assessed using a branch-cutting inoculation test. Trees were selected from seven natural populations in California. Amplified fragment length polymorphism molecular markers were analysed for all trees used in the trials. Lesion sizes varied quantitatively among individuals within populations, with up to an eightfold difference. There was little support for population differences in susceptibility. Molecular structure also showed a strong within-population, and weaker among-population, pattern of variation. Our data suggest that susceptibility of Q. agrifolia to P. ramorum is variable and is under the control of several gene loci. This variation exists within populations, so that less susceptible local genotypes may provide the gene pool for regeneration of woodlands where mortality is high. © New Phytologist (2004).


Observation of B0 decay to two charmless mesons

Date: 1993-01-01

Creator: M. Battle

J. Ernst

H. Kroha

Y. Kwon

S., Roberts

K. Sparks

E. H. Thorndike

C. H. Wang

J. Dominick

S. Sanghera

V. Shelkov

T. Skwarnicki

R. Stroynowski

I. Volobouev

P. Zadorozhny

M. Artuso

D. He

M. Goldberg

N. Horwitz

R. Kennett

G. C. Moneti

F. Muheim

Y. Mukhin

S. Playfer

Y. Rozen

S. Stone

M. Thulasidas

G. Vasseur

G. Zhu

J. Bartelt

S. E. Csorna

Access: Open access

We report results from a search for the decays B0→π+π-, B0→K+π-, and B0→K+K-. We find 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions, Bππ<2.9×10-5, BKπ<2.6×10-5, and BKK<0.7×10-5. While there is no statistically significant signal in the individual modes, the sum of Bππ and BKπ exceeds zero with a significance of more than 4 standard deviations, indicating that we have observed charmless hadronic B decays. © 1993 The American Physical Society.