Showing 1751 - 1760 of 2039 Items
Statement by Kirk Francis collected by Charlotte Bacon on November 4, 2014
Date: 2014-11-04
Creator: Kirk Francis
Access: Open access
Statement by Paul Thibeault collected by Rachel George on September 11, 2014
Date: 2014-09-11
Creator: Paul Thibeault
Access: Open access
Statement by Elizabeth Neptune collected by Rachel George on February 6, 2015
Date: 2015-02-06
Creator: Elizabeth Neptune
Access: Open access
Social Science and the Analysis of Environmental Policy
Date: 2020-09-01
Creator: Cary Coglianese
Shana M. Starobin
Access: Open access
- As much as environmental problems manifest themselves as problems with the natural environment, environmental problems—and their solutions—are ultimately social and behavioral in nature. Just as the natural sciences provide a basis for understanding the need for environmental policy and informing its design, the social sciences also contribute in significant ways to the understanding of the behavioral sources of environmental problems, both in terms of individual incentives and collective action challenges. In addition, the social sciences have contributed much to the understanding of the ways that laws and other institutions can be designed to solve environmental problems. In this review article, we distill core intellectual frameworks from among the social sciences that scaffold modern environmental policy in industrialized country contexts—focusing on key contributions principally from political science, economics, psychology, and sociology to the analysis of environmental problems and their solutions. These frameworks underlie how environmental problems are defined at multiple scales and the conceptualization and empirical testing of policy solutions that seek to shape human behavior in ways that improve environmental quality and promote sustainable economic growth. With the planet facing continued environmental threats, improving environmental policy decision-making depends on the insights and frameworks of social science research in addition to those of the natural sciences.
US Household Demand for Organic Fruit
Date: 2017-08-31
Creator: Erik Nelson
John M Fitzgerald
Nathan Tefft
John L. Anderson
Access: Open access
- We estimate US household monthly elasticities of demand for some of the more popular organic fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first US-wide, multi-year analysis of price and income elasticities for various organic fruits. We calculate elasticities of demand for low-income, middle class, and rich income bracket households using three estimation techniques: two econometric methods and one machine learning method (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)). Demand estimates are based on Nielsen scanner data from approximately 60,000 households collected from 2011 to 2013. Generally, we find that own-price conditional and unconditional elasticities of demand for organic fruits are negative. Unconditional elasticity magnitudes tend to be largest in the representative middle-class household. Income elasticities of demand measurements are inconsistent and often statistically insignificant. This finding is consistent with the survey literature finding that many consumers buy organic food for mostly moral or ethical reasons. We run two policy experiments: a 10% subsidy of organic fruits, and a 10% tax on conventional fruits. Our hypothetical policies engender a stronger reaction among the general public than habitual buyers of organic fruit; unconditional purchase and expenditure elasticities are generally larger than conditional purchase and expenditure elasticities. Finally, we find that elasticities measured with the LASSO technique are not radically different than those measured with econometric methods. The most noticeable difference between the two analytical techniques is that LASSO is more likely to find price and income elasticities of demand that indistinguishable from zero, both substantively and statistically.
2018 Table of static dipole polarizabilities of the neutral elements in the periodic table*
Date: 2019-06-18
Creator: Peter Schwerdtfeger
Jeffrey K. Nagle
Access: Open access
- A 2018 update of the most accurate calculated and experimental static dipole polarizabilities of the neutral atoms in the Periodic Table from nuclear charge Z = 1 to 120 is given. Periodic trends are analyzed and discussed.
Estimating the Impact of Ride-Hailing App Company Entry on Public Transportation Use in Major US Urban Areas
Date: 2019-01-01
Creator: Erik Nelson
Nicole Sadowsky
Access: Open access
- Since 2011, the private ride-hailing (RH) app companies Uber and Lyft have expanded into more and more US urban areas. We use a dynamic entry event study to examine the impact of Uber and Lyft's entry on public transportation (PT) use in the United States' largest urban areas. In most cases, entry into urban areas was staggered: Uber entered first, followed several months later by Lyft. We generally find that PT use increased in the representative urban area, all else equal, immediately following first RH app company entry. However, this spike in PT use largely disappeared following the entry of the second RH app company. Slightly different RH app company-PT use relationships emerge when we estimate the PT use model over various subsets of urban areas and PT modes.
The likelihood of local allies free-riding: Testing economic theories of alliances in US counterinsurgency interventions
Date: 2017-09-01
Creator: Barbara Elias
Access: Open access
- In counterinsurgency interventions, free-riding by small, local allies is persistent. Yet, the literature on free-riding by small allies is largely limited to conventional multilateral partnerships, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, neglecting other types of asymmetric alliances. Using new data containing 144 US requests to local allies in Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan, this article tests the logic of economic theories of alliances in counterinsurgency interventions. I find even when small allies are explicitly asked to contribute to alliance-wide security goods, they are likely to free-ride almost half the time (45%), and the likelihood of free-riding is dependent on whether local allies can be excluded by larger allies. This conclusion upholds the logic of economic models, since shared defense goods that exclude local allies fail to meet the criteria of public goods.
Erratum: Stochastic boolean satisfiability (Journal of Automated Reasoning (2001) 27 (251-296))
Date: 2002-01-01
Creator: Michael L. Littman
Stephen M. Majercik
Toniann Pitassi
Access: Open access