Showing 1441 - 1450 of 2040 Items
Statement gathered at the Maine Correctional Center, Windham, Maine, April 17, 2015
Date: 2015-04-17
Creator: Travis McDonald
Clarence Meeks
Travis Murphy
Access: Open access
Inelastic channels in the electroweak symmetry-breaking sector
Date: 1992-10-29
Creator: S. G. Naculich
C. P. Yuan
Access: Open access
- It has been argued that if light Higgs bosons do not exist then the self-interactions of W's become strong in the TeV region and can be observed in longitudinal WW scattering. We present a model with many inelastic channels in the WW scattering process, corresponding to the creation of heavy fermion pairs. The presence of these heavy fermions affects the elastic scattering of W's by propagating in loops, greatly reducing the amplitudes in some charge channels. Consequently, the symmetry-breaking sector cannot be fully explored by using, for example, the W+W+ mode alone; all WW→WW scattering modes must be measured. © 1992.
Risks of multimodal signaling: Bat predators attend to dynamic motion in frog sexual displays
Date: 2014-09-01
Creator: Wouter Halfwerk
Marjorie M. Dixon
Kristina J. Ottens
Ryan C. Taylor
Michael J., Ryan
Rachel A. Page
Patricia L. Jones
Access: Open access
- Many sexual displays contain multiple components that are received through a variety of sensory modalities. Primary and secondary signal components can interact to induce novel receiver responses and become targets of sexual selection as complex signals. However, predators can also use these complex signals for prey assessment, which may limit the evolution of elaborate sexual signals. We tested whether a multimodal sexual display of the male túngara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus) increases predation risk from the fringe-lipped bat (Trachops cirrhosus) when compared with a unimodal display. We gave bats a choice to attack one of two frog models: a model with a vocal sac moving in synchrony with a mating call (multisensory cue), or a control model with the call but no vocal sac movement (unimodal cue). Bats preferred to attack the model associated with the multimodal display. Furthermore, we determined that bats perceive the vocal sac using echolocation rather than visual cues. Our data illustrate the costs associated with multimodal signaling and that sexual and natural selection pressures on the same trait are not always mediated through the same sensory modalities. These data are important when considering the role of environmental fluctuations on signal evolution as different sensory modalities will be differentially affected.
Bounding the number of cycles of O.D.E.S in Rn
Date: 2001-01-01
Creator: M. Farkas
P. Van Den Driessche
M. L. Zeeman
Access: Open access
- Criteria are given under which the boundary of an oriented surface does not consist entirely of trajectories of the C1 differential equation ẋ = f(x) in Rn. The special case of an annulus is further considered, and the criteria are used to deduce sufficient conditions for the differential equation to have at most one cycle. A bound on the number of cycles on surfaces of higher connectivity is given by similar conditions. ©2000 American Mathematical Society.
Origami-based impact mitigation via rarefaction solitary wave creation
Date: 2019-01-01
Creator: Hiromi Yasuda
Yasuhiro Miyazawa
Efstathios G. Charalampidis
Christopher Chong
Panayotis G., Kevrekidis
Jinkyu Yang
Access: Open access
- The principles underlying the art of origami paper folding can be applied to design sophisticated metamaterials with unique mechanical properties. By exploiting the flat crease patterns that determine the dynamic folding and unfolding motion of origami, we are able to design an origami-based metamaterial that can form rarefaction solitary waves. Our analytical, numerical, and experimental results demonstrate that this rarefaction solitary wave overtakes initial compressive strain waves, thereby causing the latter part of the origami structure to feel tension first instead of compression under impact. This counterintuitive dynamic mechanism can be used to create a highly efficient-yet reusable-impact mitigating system without relying on material damping, plasticity, or fracture.
A simple polymerase chain reaction-based method for the construction of recombinase-mediated cassette exchange donor vectors
Date: 2008-11-01
Creator: Jack R. Bateman
C. Ting Wu
Access: Open access
- Here we describe a simple method for generating donor vectors suitable for targeted transgenesis via recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) using the ΦC31 integrase. This PCR-based strategy employs small attB "tails" on the primers used to amplify a sequence of interest, permitting the rapid creation of transgenes for in vivo analysis. Copyright © 2008 by the Genetics Society of America.
Inbreeding shapes the evolution of marine invertebrates
Date: 2020-05-01
Creator: Kevin C. Olsen
Will H. Ryan
Alice A. Winn
Ellen T. Kosman
Jose A., Moscoso
Stacy A. Krueger-Hadfield
Scott C. Burgess
David B. Carlon
Richard K. Grosberg
Susan Kalisz
Don R. Levitan
Access: Open access
- Inbreeding is a potent evolutionary force shaping the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of plants and animals. Yet, our understanding of the forces shaping the expression and evolution of nonrandom mating in general, and inbreeding in particular, remains remarkably incomplete. Most research on plant mating systems focuses on self-fertilization and its consequences for automatic selection, inbreeding depression, purging, and reproductive assurance, whereas studies of animal mating systems have often assumed that inbreeding is rare, and that natural selection favors traits that promote outbreeding. Given that many sessile and sedentary marine invertebrates and marine macroalgae share key life history features with seed plants (e.g., low mobility, modular construction, and the release of gametes into the environment), their mating systems may be similar. Here, we show that published estimates of inbreeding coefficients (FIS) for sessile and sedentary marine organisms are similar and at least as high as noted in terrestrial seed plants. We also found that variation in FIS within invertebrates is related to the potential to self-fertilize, disperse, and choose mates. The similarity of FIS for these organismal groups suggests that inbreeding could play a larger role in the evolution of sessile and sedentary marine organisms than is currently recognized. Specifically, associations between traits of marine invertebrates and FIS suggest that inbreeding could drive evolutionary transitions between hermaphroditism and separate sexes, direct development and multiphasic life cycles, and external and internal fertilization.
Increasing forest loss worldwide from invasive pests requires new trade regulations
Date: 2014-10-01
Creator: Bitty A. Roy
Helen M. Alexander
Jennifer Davidson
Faith T. Campbell
Jeremy J., Burdon
Richard Sniezko
Clive Brasier
Access: Open access
- Loss of forests due to non-native invasive pests (including insects, nematodes, and pathogens) is a global phenomenon with profound population, community, ecosystem, and economic impacts. We review the magnitude of pest-associated forest loss worldwide and discuss the major ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of these invasions. After compiling and analyzing a dataset of pest invasions from 21 countries, we show that the number of forest pest invasions recorded for a given country has a significant positive relationship with trade (as indicated by gross domestic product) and is not associated with the amount of forested land within that country. We recommend revisions to existing international protocols for preventing pest entry and proliferation, including prohibiting shipments of non-essential plants and plant products unless quarantined. Because invasions often originate from taxa that are scientifically described only after their introduction, current phytosanitary regulations - which target specific, already named organisms - Are ineffective.
FMRF-NH2-related neuropeptides in Biomphalaria spp., intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis: Precursor organization and immunohistochemical localization
Date: 2021-09-01
Creator: Solymar Rolón-Martínez
Mohamed R. Habib
Tamer A. Mansour
Manuel Díaz-Ríos
Joshua J.C., Rosenthal
Xiao Nong Zhou
Roger P. Croll
Mark W. Miller
Access: Open access
- Freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria serve as intermediate hosts for the digenetic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the etiological agent for the most widespread form of intestinal schistosomiasis. As neuropeptide signaling in host snails can be altered by trematode infection, a neural transcriptomics approach was undertaken to identify peptide precursors in Biomphalaria glabrata, the major intermediate host for S. mansoni in the Western Hemisphere. Three transcripts that encode peptides belonging to the FMRF-NH2-related peptide (FaRP) family were identified in B. glabrata. One transcript encoded a precursor polypeptide (Bgl-FaRP1; 292 amino acids) that included eight copies of the tetrapeptide FMRF-NH2 and single copies of FIRF-NH2, FLRF-NH2, and pQFYRI-NH2. The second transcript encoded a precursor (Bgl-FaRP2; 347 amino acids) that comprised 14 copies of the heptapeptide GDPFLRF-NH2 and 1 copy of SKPYMRF-NH2. The precursor encoded by the third transcript (Bgl-FaRP3; 287 amino acids) recapitulated Bgl-FaRP2 but lacked the full SKPYMRF-NH2 peptide. The three precursors shared a common signal peptide, suggesting a genomic organization described previously in gastropods. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on the nervous systems of B. glabrata and B. alexandrina, a major intermediate host for S. mansoni in Egypt. FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactive (FMRF-NH2-li) neurons were located in regions of the central nervous system associated with reproduction, feeding, and cardiorespiration. Antisera raised against non-FMRF-NH2 peptides present in the tetrapeptide and heptapeptide precursors labeled independent subsets of the FMRF-NH2-li neurons. This study supports the participation of FMRF-NH2-related neuropeptides in the regulation of vital physiological and behavioral systems that are altered by parasitism in Biomphalaria.
Inclusive decays of B mesons to charmonium
Date: 1995-01-01
Creator: R. Balest
K. Cho
W. T. Ford
D. R. Johnson
K., Lingel
M. Lohner
P. Rankin
J. G. Smith
J. P. Alexander
C. Bebek
K. Berkelman
K. Bloom
T. E. Browder
D. G. Cassel
H. A. Cho
D. M. Coffman
D. S. Crowcroft
P. S. Drell
D. J. Dumas
R. Ehrlich
P. Gaidarev
M. Garcia-Sciveres
B. Geiser
B. Gittelman
S. W. Gray
D. L. Hartill
B. K. Heltsley
S. Henderson
C. D. Jones
S. L. Jones
J. Kandaswamy
Access: Open access
- We have used the CLEO-II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ringe (CESR) to study the inclusive production of charmonium mesons in a sample of 2.15 million BB events. We find inclusive branching fractions of (1.120.040.06)% for BJ/X, (0.340.040.03)% for BX, and (0.400.060.04)% for Bc1X. We also find some evidence for the inclusive production of c2, and set an upper limit for the branching fraction of the inclusive decay BcX of 0.9% at 90% confidence level. Momentum spectra for inclusive J/, and c1 production are presented. These measurements are compared to theoretical calculations. © 1995 The American Physical Society.