Showing 1211 - 1220 of 2039 Items
Erratum: Sutural loosening and skeletal flexibility during growth: Determination of drop-like shapes in sea urchins (Proceedings of The Royal Society of London B (February 7, 2002) 269 (215-220))
Date: 2002-12-22
Creator: Amy S. Johnson
Olaf Ellers
Jim Lemire
Melissa Minor
Holly A., Leddy
Access: Open access
Combining behavior and EEG to study the effects of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory
Date: 2020-05-01
Creator: Erika Nyhus
William A. Engel
Tomas Donatelli Pitfield
Isabella M.W. Vakkur
Access: Open access
- Although there has been recent interest in how mindfulness meditation can affect episodic memory as well as brain structure and function, no study has examined the behavioral and neural effects of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory. Here we present a protocol that combines mindfulness meditation training, an episodic memory task, and EEG to examine how mindfulness meditation changes behavioral performance and the neural correlates of episodic memory. Subjects in a mindfulness meditation experimental group were compared to a waitlist control group. Subjects in the mindfulness meditation experimental group spent four weeks training and practicing mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness was measured before and after training using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Episodic memory was measured before and after training using a source recognition task. During the retrieval phase of the source recognition task, EEG was recorded. The results showed that mindfulness, source recognition behavioral performance, and EEG theta power in right frontal and left parietal channels increased following mindfulness meditation training. In addition, increases in mindfulness correlated with increases in theta power in right frontal channels. Therefore, results obtained from combining mindfulness meditation training, an episodic memory task, and EEG reveal the behavioral and neural effects of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory.
Uneven Increases in Racial Diversity of US Geoscience Undergraduates
Date: 2021-06-15
Creator: Rachel J. Beane
Eric M.D. Baer
Rowan Lockwood
R. Heather Macdonald
John, R., McDaris
Vernon R. Morris
I. Joshua Villalobos
Lisa D. White
Access: Open access
Increases in Theta Oscillatory Activity During Episodic Memory Retrieval Following Mindfulness Meditation Training
Date: 2019-09-04
Creator: Erika Nyhus
William Andrew Engel
Tomas Donatelli Pitfield
Isabella Marie Wang Vakkur
Access: Open access
- Mindfulness meditation has been shown to improve episodic memory and increase theta oscillations which are known to play a role in episodic memory retrieval. The present study examined the effect of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory retrieval and theta oscillations. Using a longitudinal design, subjects in the mindfulness meditation experimental group who underwent 4 weeks of mindfulness meditation training and practice were compared to a waitlist control group. During the pre-training and post-training experimental sessions, subjects completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and studied adjectives and either imagined a scene (Place Task) or judged its pleasantness (Pleasant Task). During the recognition test, subjects decided which task was performed with each word (“Old Place Task” or “Old Pleasant Task”) or “New.” FFMQ scores and source discrimination were greater post-training than pre-training in the mindfulness meditation experimental group. Electroencephalography (EEG) results revealed that for the mindfulness meditation experimental group theta power was greater post-training than pre-training in right frontal and left parietal channels and changes in FFMQ scores correlated with changes in theta oscillations in right frontal channels (n = 20). The present results suggest that mindfulness meditation increases source memory retrieval and theta oscillations in a fronto-parietal network.
The structure of singularities in Π-minimizing networks in R2
Date: 1991-01-01
Creator: M. Alfaro
M. Conger
K. Hodges
A. Levy
R., Kochar
L. Kuklinski
Access: Open access
Prediction of "fear" acquisition in healthy control participants in a de novo fear-conditioning paradigm
Date: 2007-01-01
Creator: Michael W. Otto
Teresa M. Leyro
Kelly Christian
Christen M. Deveney
Hannah, Reese
Mark H. Pollack
Scott P. Orr
Access: Open access
- Studies using fear-conditioning paradigms have found that anxiety patients are more conditionable than individuals without these disorders, but these effects have been demonstrated inconsistently. It is unclear whether these findings have etiological significance or whether enhanced conditionability is linked only to certain anxiety characteristics. To further examine these issues, the authors assessed the predictive significance of relevant subsyndromal characteristics in 72 healthy adults, including measures of worry, avoidance, anxious mood, depressed mood, and fears of anxiety symptoms (anxiety sensitivity), as well as the dimensions of Neuroticism and Extraversion. Of these variables, the authors found that the combination of higher levels of subsyndromal worry and lower levels of behavioral avoidance predicted heightened conditionability, raising questions about the etiological significance of these variables in the acquisition or maintenance of anxiety disorders. In contrast, the authors found that anxiety sensitivity was more linked to individual differences in orienting response than differences in conditioning per se. © 2007 Sage Publications.
Reactivity and regulation: The impact of Mary Rothbart on the study of temperament
Date: 2008-07-01
Creator: Samuel P. Putnam
Cynthia A. Stifter
Access: Open access
- Through her theoretical and empirical work, Mary Rothbart has had a profound impact on the scientific understanding of infant and child temperament. This special issue honors her contributions through the presentations of original, contemporary studies relevant to three primary themes in Rothbart's conceptual approach: the expansive scope and empirically-derived structure of temperament, the importance of considering developmental change, and the interplay of reactive and regulatory processes. In addition to summarizing these themes, this introductory article acknowledges the ways Mary has spurred progress in the field through methodological advances, institutional service, and pedagogy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taming the giant within
Date: 2019-01-01
Creator: Jack R. Bateman
David J. Anderson
Access: Open access
The parasexual cycle in Candida albicans provides an alternative pathway to meiosis for the formation of recombinant strains
Date: 2008-05-01
Creator: Anja Forche
Kevin Alby
Dana Schaefer
Alexander D. Johnson
Judith, Berman
Richard J. Bennett
Access: Open access
- Candida albicans has an elaborate, yet efficient, mating system that promotes conjugation between diploid a and α strains. The product of mating is a tetraploid a/α cell that must undergo a reductional division to return to the diploid state. Despite the presence of several "meiosis-specific" genes in the C. albicans genome, a meiotic program has not been observed. Instead, tetraploid products of mating can be induced to undergo efficient, random chromosome loss, often producing strains that are diploid, or close to diploid, in ploidy. Using SNP and comparative genome hybridization arrays we have now analyzed the genotypes of products from the C. albicans parasexual cycle. We show that the parasexual cycle generates progeny strains with shuffled combinations of the eight C. albicans chromosomes. In addition, several isolates had undergone extensive genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes, including multiple gene conversion events. Progeny strains exhibited altered colony morphologies on laboratory media, demonstrating that the parasexual cycle generates phenotypic variants of C. albicans. In several fungi, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the conserved Spo11 protein is integral to meiotic recombination, where it is required for the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. We show that deletion of SPO11 prevented genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes during the C. albicans parasexual cycle. These findings suggest that at least one meiosis-specific gene has been re-programmed to mediate genetic recombination during the alternative parasexual life cycle of C. albicans. We discuss, in light of the long association of C. albicans with warm-blooded animals, the potential advantages of a parasexual cycle over a conventional sexual cycle. © 2008 Forche et al.
Suspense-optimal college football play-offs
Date: 2014-01-01
Creator: Jarrod Olson
Daniel F. Stone
Access: Open access
- U.S. college football’s traditional bowl system, and lack of a postseason play-off tournament, has been controversial for years. The conventional wisdom is that a play-off would be a more fair way to determine the national champion, and more fun for fans to watch. The colleges finally agreed to begin a play-off in the 2014-2015 season, but with just four teams, and speculation continues that more teams will be added soon. A subtle downside to adding play-off teams is that it reduces the significance of regular season games.We use the framework of Ely, Frankel, and Kamenica (in press) to directly estimate the utility fans would get from this significance, that is, utility from suspense, under a range of play-off scenarios. Our results consistently indicate that play-off expansion causes a loss in regular season suspense utility greater than the gain in the postseason, implying the traditional bowl system (two team play-off) is suspense-optimal. We analyze and discuss implications for TV viewership and other contexts.